Central America
Governance stress, transnational criminal organizations, migration pressure, militarized public security, and competition for infrastructure and port access.
- Political and electoral risk
- Organized crime and corruption
- Port and logistics exposure
South America
Election-period volatility, resource nationalism, critical-mineral policy, and expanding external partnerships across the Southern Cone and Andean states.
- Brazil election and diplomacy
- Critical minerals and mining
- Foreign influence operations
The Caribbean
Maritime security, energy dependence, sanctions exposure, Cuban and Venezuelan dynamics, and vulnerability of undersea and telecom infrastructure.
- Maritime and shipping risk
- Cuba and Venezuela dynamics
- Undersea cable and telecom exposure
External Actors in the Hemisphere
How China, Russia, Iran, and Cuba build access through investment, security cooperation, information operations, and technology dependence.
- Belt and Road and port investment
- Security and intelligence cooperation
- Information manipulation